Critical Evaluation of Project Management Techniques in Information Essay

Basic Evaluation of Project Management Techniques in Information Sector in Nigeria - Essay Example Business to E-trade to M-business is by all accounts consistent route for any legislature or individual to scale up. Since the paper depends on optional examination, different information and reports effectively accessible with the particular organizations, papers and different distributions will be assembled, broke down and used to reach inferences. Gabriel Ajayi (NITDA and ICT in Nigeria,2003) has stated that after NITDA (National Information Technology Development Agency) was set up in 2001, ventures like Public Service Network (PSNet), Mobile Internet Unit (MIU) and Human Capacity Development were embraced by the equivalent. NITDA began the way toward coordinating IT into the open help through an enormous battle that focused at the highest level of the administration. Despite the fact that he was idealistic about the essential job ICT played in outfitting the economy, he didn't appear to be cheerful about financing and political will. After the military guideline finished in 1999, there were unwarranted feelings of dread about the utilization of ICT in any industry and government will to energize ICT needed eagerness. From 2001, ICT delighted in the total support of the legislature and has been taken a gander at as an apparatus to realize economical turn of events and worldwide seriousness in Nigeria. GSM administration was p ropelled in 2001 and teledensity promptly rose from 0.5 to 2 for every 100 supporters. In the paper â€Å"Nigeria’s Need for ICT S.P.259 Technology and Policy in Nigeria†, Tom Goshit communicated his mistake with the condition of usage of ICT in Nigeria. He felt that destitution and absence of talented IT faculty were disadvantages in quicker usage and use of arrangements preferring ICT. Be that as it may, when it came to utilization of versatile communication and ICT, he says ‘As of December 2005, there were more than 19,000,000 overhauled phones in Nigeria. The versatile cell advertise has developed on the grounds that landline

The Power of Pythons String Templates

The Power of Pythons String Templates Python is a deciphered, object-arranged, significant level programming language. It is anything but difficult to learn on the grounds that its linguistic structure underlines comprehensibility, which lessens the cost of program upkeep. Numerous software engineers love working with Python in light of the fact that without the gathering step-testing and investigating go quickly.​ Python Web Templating Templating, particularly web templating, speaks to information in structures generally expected to be clear byâ a watcher. The most straightforward type of a templating motor substitutes esteems into the layout to deliver the output.â Beside the string constants and the expostulated string capacities, which moved to string strategies, Pythons string module additionally incorporates string layouts. The layout itself is a class that gets a string as its contention. The item started up from that class is known as a layout string object. Format strings were first presented in Python 2.4. Where string designing administrators utilized the rate sign for replacements, the format object utilizes dollar signs. $$ is a departure grouping; it is supplanted with a solitary $.$identifier names a replacement placeholder coordinating a mapping key of identifier. As a matter of course, identifier must spell a Python identifier. The first non-identifier character after the $ character ends this placeholder specification.${identifier} is equal to $identifier. It is required when substantial identifier characters follow the placeholder yet are not part of the placeholder, for example, ${noun}ification. Outside of these employments of the dollar sign, any appearance of $ makes a ValueError be raised. The strategies accessible through layout strings are as per the following: Class string. Template(template): The constructor takes a solitary contention, which is the format string.Substitute(mapping, **keywords): Method that substitutes the string esteems (mapping) for the layout string esteems. Mapping is a word reference like article, and its qualities might be gotten to as a word reference. In the event that the catchphrases contention is utilized, it speaks to placeholders. Where both mapping and catchphrases are utilized, the last comes first. In the event that a placeholder is missing from mapping or catchphrases, a KeyError is thrown.Safe_substitute(mapping, **keywords): Functions comparably to substitute(). Be that as it may, if a placeholder is missing from mapping or catchphrases, the first placeholder is utilized of course, accordingly staying away from the KeyError. Additionally, any event of $ restores a dollar sign. Format questions likewise have one openly accessible quality: Format is the item gone to the constructors layout contention. While read-just access isn't upheld, it is best not to change this property in your program. The example shell meeting underneath serves to outline format string objects. from string import Template s Template($when, $who $action $what.) s.substitute(whenIn the late spring, whoJohn, actiondrinks, whaticed tea) In the late spring, John drinks frosted tea. s.substitute(whenAt night, whoJean, actioneats, whatpopcorn) around evening time, Jean eats popcorn. s.template $when, $who $action $what. d dict(whenin the mid year) Template($who $action $what $when).safe_substitute(d) $who $action $what in the mid year

Easy Tutorial for Making Fake Wounds and Cuts

Simple Tutorial for Making Fake Wounds and Cuts Join compound fixings to make counterfeit injuries reasonable for Halloween or other extraordinary occasions. This is an incredible, simple movement for children and grown-ups the same, and it just takes a couple of moments! Materials oil jellyred food coloringcocoa powderdisposable tissuebowltoothpicks The most effective method to Make Fake Wounds and Cuts Utilize a toothpick to blend 3-4 drops of red food shading into a spot of oil jam (e.g., Vaseline).Stir in enough cocoa (a squeeze or something like that) to obscure the red shading to a more profound, blood-like tint.Separate the tissue and remove a little square shape (3x2 inches) from a solitary layer of the paper.Place the tissue at the injury site and spread it with the oil jam mixture.Mold the tissue into an injury shape with the edges raised higher than the focal point of the wound.Add some oil jam blend to the focal point of the wound.Sprinkle cocoa at the edges of the injury to obscure it. Add cocoa to the injury community if a scabby (rather than new) appearance is desired.Red food shading will recolor, so maintain a strategic distance from twisted contact with dress or furniture.

Darden case study Essay

1. Utilizing the full range of division factors, portray how Darden fragments and focuses on the plunk down feasting market. The sorts of division incorporate geographic, segment, psychographic, and social division. For geographic division, Darden has the entirety of its Longhorn Steakhouse eateries in the eastern portion of the United States yet they are attempting to grow toward the west coast. This is an extraordinary thought in light of the fact that out west is an undiscovered market with incredible potential for heaps of profit. Darden gets an opportunity to reclassify the picture of steakhouses as is as of now being done like the tastefulness that is being added to the brand. The client traffic is expanding and Longhorn Steakhouse might even surpass Outback Steakhouse as the chief steakhouse kind of café. For segment division, Red Lobster speaks to the open door Darden needs to fill the hole between the youthful cheap food idea and the upscale white-decorative liner cafés. Red lobster is in any event, rolling out numerous improvements to suit for the changing occasions around America which is making deals fall. With imaginative ideas, for example, wood terminated barbecuing bringing about a â€Å"taste of wood-flame broiled seafood† and interests in hardware and preparing, Darden is returning itself at the center of attention to getting perceived and regarded. You can likewise never turn out badly with singed shrimp so Red Lobster will consistently have that advertising card to play. The Psychographic division is appeared by how individuals need to feel positive feelings when they go out to cafés, for example, the idea of an upbeat family and in particular the legendary Italian family. Clients need to feel sincerely fulfilled as much as they need to be genuinely fulfilled by the food. Making a bona fide menu hits near and dear since individuals get that warm and upbeat inclination when they see the credibility. Indeed, even Olive Garden’s business â€Å"When you’re here, you’re family† and motto show the sentiments of association that Americans need to feel and would come in for. Conduct division is appeared in how less much of the time Americans need to take a seat at eateries to eat their dinners. With the entirety of our budgetary imperatives we are picking unique and more financially savvy approaches to eat out and make some great memories with the family. Darden needs to utilize more practical approaches to bring down the dinner costs so that family’s will indeed eat out at a semi-formal eatery all the time.

Value meaning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Worth importance - Essay Example To me life is discovering g a reason and seeking after it as far as possible, regardless of the conditions (Williams, 2012). One of my life’s controlling qualities is honesty. I accept with honesty one can without much of a stretch exceed expectations where others have awfully turned out badly and fizzled. When I was sitting for my finish of year tests, and the educator came and gave us the tests. After that he disclosed to us that the test was 2 hours in length and we could begin simply at that point. At that point to everyone’s shock, he exited and left only us. The test was very troublesome and no one could review getting the hang of whatever the teacher had offered us to handle. A few understudies examined through the notes while others imparted data to each other. A few others despite everything plotted to exit and said they would request that their primary care physicians compose wiped out leave for them with the goal that they could have the educator do a cosmetics, trusting that it would be simple. My brain was hustling with thoughts, and I nearly joined my associates in exiting and c heating. Be that as it may, somewhere within me a little voice instructed me to make the best choice and simply be done (Cohen, 2010). After my 2 hours were finished, I looked back and saw I was the just one remaining in the homeroom. At that point the teacher had shown up and I gave him my paper. He at that point began saluting me and disclosed to me the test really was an evaluation on students’ respectability and that it had a prize of $2000.In expansion, the educator had orchestrated with College Press and out of the blue picture takers were processing around me inquiring as to myself. My story would be run on the intro page of the lofty Campus News and I turned into a celeb overnight, notwithstanding being designated to a few understudy bodies. From that experience I concluded respectability would be an integral part of me. To date I have clung to this worth and I have never lamented my choice since it has served me well. Reason in life just methods finding the motivation behind why one is alive and setting

Summertime Happenings

Summertime Happenings Finals ended over a month ago, so quite frankly, I have no excuse for my disappearance from the blogosphere. I’ve been meaning to post a compilation of end of the year reflections from my lovely friends and amigos, but the project has been limping along in the summer haze. It’s looking a little anemic right now (maybe it’s heat exhaustion. Or maybe it’s Maybelline. Who knows.), but I promise it’ll be a fully functioning blog post before summer’s end! After school let out, I hopped on a plane and flew back to California for a highly anticipated return home. I hadn’t had the luxury of seeing my cats or rolling around on the living room carpet (as I like to do sometimes when no one is watching) since winter break so to say I was excited would be an understatement. Taking advantage of the two week reprieve from all responsibility, I had the chance to meet up with friends I hadn’t seen for months and pig out on foods I had been craving since the moment I left home the last time. I say with the utmost pride that I had a fantastic time devouring four enormous cups of boba in three days. Two weeks later, a sunburnt and mosquito-bite covered Krystal returned from the tropical paradise of St. Thomas to the small Boston apartment that she was to live in for the next three months. It’s nothing like the hallowed halls of Maseeh, but it’s cozy and since the electrical bill is a monthly flat rate, we have the luxury of leaving the fans on all day to make up for the noticeable absence of air conditioning. Our apartment is near the Berklee College of Music and the Boston Conservatory off of Boylston Street so we get an eclectic mix of musical sounds drifting through our window every night. One time, we were treated to two straight hours of varying vocal exercises. I applaud the aspiring singer’s efforts, but the sounds were something less than melodic. I guess it gives the apartment character, whatever that means. But the fact that our temporary home is so conveniently located more than makes up for the little quirks and flaws. MIT is only a 15 minute walk across the Ha rvard bridge and the green line T stop is a mere minute or two away. On sunnier days, a stroll down Newbury Street or Boylston is always in the cards, and even adventures into Fenway or the Boston Common are not too much of a stretch. This summer, I’m working two part time research positions. I start my mornings at Tufts Medical Center bright and early at 8:30am and end my days in my UROP lab around 7:30pm. My worst day was an 8:30am to 8:30pm monster (not including travel time) and by the time I got back to the apartment, all I wanted to do was eat nectarines (which, by the way, are extremely addicting) and watch reruns of Top Chef (there is a blatant abuse of parentheses in this post, but I’m going to roll with it: the new season of Top Chef was just filmed in Boston so I’m super stoked!) Apparently, I have a penchant for working far more during the holidays than I ever do during the school year. Over IAP I was in the EMT class for 9 hours a day and now during the summer, I’m working, on average, 11 hours a day. I have fun though, and I’m learning so much. Being a research noob, I’m really glad that I have this opportunity to immerse myself in work that I will hopefully be able to continue into the f uture. I’ve only just begun, so I have yet to see whether or not grad school is a potential consideration. As a promise to anyone that reads these, I’ll make a concerted effort to be more diligent about blogging. We’ve been having no shortage of adventures here in Boston, so I’m excited to share the other half of MIT. While the academics are certainly noteworthy, the surrounding city defines a university just as much as its classes and campus. During the school year, I rarely ventured out of the MIT bubble, spending far too many hours of the day in Maseeh. Now that it’s summer and I have a monthly T pass, I’m going out more and really getting to see the city just across the river. Who knows if I’m ever going to spend another summer in Boston, so I’m going to make the most of these three months that I have now!

Research and Describe Green Roof Benefits in Urban Areas - 275 Words

Research and Describe Green Roof Benefits in Urban Areas (Research Paper Sample) Content: Green Roof Benefits Name: Institution: Introduction Green roofs feature vegetation on the rooftops of buildings, and they have become a primary element in most urban areas. The increase in the number of buildings in the majority of the large cities has altered the urban ecosystem, resulting in environmental problems. The construction of buildings also degrades the natural environment, and this changes the ecosystem of an area. However, green buildings are sustainable, and they have a variety of economic, environmental, and social benefits. This review will focus on the environmental aspect of green roofs sustainability, but it will also address some of the social and economic benefits of designing rooftops with vegetation cover. Most of the sources used in this review conclude that the technology employed in green roofs creates an ecosystem with properties that are similar to the vegetation at the ground level. Green roofs are common in many parts of the world, and their popularity is also increasing due to their environmental benefits. Berardi et al. (2014) evaluated different types of green roofs and their significance in environmental sustainability. The construction of buildings and their maintenance consumes high amounts of energy, and a significant level of greenhouse gas emissions comes from the structures as seen in the study by Berardi et al. (2014). The manner in which buildings change the ecosystem of urban areas indicates that environmental issues are likely to arise due to the presence of many structures, and this illustrates the importance of green roofs. Although the design of green roofs is a modern concept, its variations have always been used by different societies for centuries, as Berardi et al. (2014) explain. For instance, roof gardens were a common feature of the Roman architecture, and Northern European nations used them to enhance a buildings thermal insulation. Most urbanized areas do not have green spaces, and green roofs offer a solution to such problems. Berardi et al. (2014) classify green roofs into two groups, where a significant amount of soil is necessary for an intensive green roof while less medium is required in an extensive living roof. Green roofs have various environmental benefits, and it is important to consider some of the ways in which urban greenery improves the ecosystem. Madumadhi, Radhakrishnan, and Shandhipriya assessed the indoor thermal performance of Indian residential structures that had green roofs, with the area of study having a warm and humid climate. When comparing white reflective and green roofs, Madhumadhi, Radhakrishnana, and Shandhipriya, (2016) found that the latter has various benefits such as insulation, shading, and evapotranspiration, and this improves a roofing systems thermal performance. The vegetation on a green cover provides shade to the exposed surface, hence reducing its temperature. These environmental sustainability aspects evidently improve the comfort of the internal spaces in buildings located in areas with extreme temperatures. Madhumadhi, Radhakrishnana, and Shandhipriya (2016) evaluated the energy efficiency and thermal performance of green roofs in India, and whether they have had an impact on the urban ecosystem. The design of a buildings roof determines the rate at which it absorbs sunlight. When a roof is flat and made up of concrete, it has the potential of taking in most of the incident sunlight, and this heat is transmitted to the buildings interior. Besides, roofs that are artificially designed to reflect sunlight lose their reflectivity with time due to their exposure to the elements, and this reduces a buildings energy efficiency. Getter and Rowe (2006) also suggested that the insulation that green roofs provide on the surface mitigates the urban heat island effect, which saves large amounts of power. The vegetation on green roofs shades the surface exposed to the sun, hence lowering the temperature that the concrete absorbs. Liu and Baskaran (2003) also suggested that this is true. In the study where the two researchers observed an experimental Field Roof Facility, they found that the temperature fluctuations on the membrane reduced as a result of the presence of vegetation. Even if one artificially designs a buildings rooftop to reflect sunlight without the presence of vegetation, it might not be efficient. The study by Liu and Baskaran indicates that the surface temperature of an exposed membrane rises due to the absorbed radiation, and it significantly drops after re-radiation. With time, the efficiency of such a roof reduces because of the temperature fluctuations. Although the study conducted by Madumadhi, Radhakrishnan, and Shandhipriya suggested that a green roof lowers the temperature absorbed by a concrete rooftop, it would be important to understand how this occurs. After assessing the energy efficiency and thermal performance of green roofs in the experimental facility, Liu and Baskaran (2003) found that vegetation decreases heat flow through insulation, evaporative cooling, and insulation. The membrane of an exposed roof experiences positive heat flow due to the absorption of solar radiation and re-radiation during the day and night respectively. The green roof abates the movement of heat between a building and the environment, and this regulates the room temperature when it is hot. Oberndorfer et al. (2007) found that the longevity of the membrane in an exposed roof deteriorates because it becomes brittle due to its subjection to ultraviolet light. Urban environments have buildings and road surfaces that are impervious and dark, creating the heat island effect, as Oberndorfer et al. postulate. The conditions brought about by the lack of vegetation result in an increase in the temperatures, especially during the night. Getter and Rowe (2006) found that green roofs alleviate the effects of the urban heat island because of the shade and insulation that they provide. According to these researchers, the indoor temperatures of buildings that have green roofs are lower by 3oC to 4oC. Oberndorfer et al. (2007) theorize that green roofs alleviate the increase in temperatures at night as a result of the evapotranspiration from the vegetation cover. Most urban areas have surfaces that are impervious, and this increases water runoff as a consequence of the decreased infiltration. As a result, various environmental issues such as water pollution in the urban areas arise when the storm water runoff increases. Li and Yeung (2014) evaluated different types of green roofs to determine their performance in a maritime monsoon climate zone. The drainage layer of a green roof affects the runoff dynamics and water retention capacity. Li and Yeung found that the vegetated rooftops retain 40% to 60% of the rainwater, and when the rain was lower than 10mm, there was no runoff since the roof would keep all the water. However, the type of medium used in making the green roof determines the amount of water it retains. In the findings that Oberndorfer et al. (2007) present, green roofs whose substrate was more than 10 cm keep 66% to 69% of water. Wachtel (2007) evaluated some of the characteristics of a green roof that enable it to retain water and reduce surface runoff. The study found that the feature that increases the effectiveness of green roofs in the management of stormwater is their ability to hold and release water at a particular rate. Besides, the medium used to make a green roof enables it to support vegetation cover, and the resulting surface does not leak as much as the conventional rooftops. Wachtel also suggests that the ability of a green roof to retain water during heavy rainfall modulates the intensity of runoff, and this conserves the water from precipitation. Gibbs et al. (2006) similarly argue that the absence of a green roof results in an increase in the quantity of water that enters storm drains, resulting in water pollution and a surge in the runoff. In their study evaluating the impact of different fertilizer treatments and growing mediums on the green roof systems, Gibbs et al. (2006) found that the planting the right species and dressing them with fertilizer results in an optimal reduction of storm water runoff from a building with a green roof. Whittinghill et al. (2015) postulate that factors such as microclimatic conditions and the plants water use efficiency influence the stormwater retention capacity. Stormwater management facilities in many urban areas might struggle to deal with the heavy runoff that results from the nonporous surfaces of buildings. However, Oberndorfer et al. (2007) present findings indicating that implementing the conventional techniques of managing storm water in dense urban areas is challenging. The high level of pollutants in urban areas also has a detrimental effect on the ecosystem, and Oberndorfer et al. theorize that this is another reason as to why green roofs are important. The retention of water by green roofs ensures that there is a delay in the runoff and that precipitation returns to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. In the review where Getter and Rowe (2006) present the sustainability dimensions of green roofs, they found that runoff delays occur since the media does not become saturated immediately after it starts raining. The conservation of the biodiversity is another aspect that makes green roofs suitable especially in urban areas, as Williams, Lundholm, and McIvor (2014) theorize in their study. While assessing the biodiversity conservation benefits of green roofs from different projects, the three researchers found that vegetated rooftops provide habitats for various species of animals, and they help in the achievement of urban biodiversity conservation goals. However, while a high numb...

The History of Art Essay - 4153 Words

The History of Art Art was the first written language and to study the history of art is to study the history of civilizations and humankind. The Paleolithic cave paintings in France, when viewed in the modern western perspective can only be speculated at as to the intent and/or purpose of the original artisans. Perhaps the paintings of animals were the focal point of a religious ceremony or ritual, surveyed before the hunt, to bring success or perhaps part of a celebration or documentation after the successful hunt. It appears that art from the earliest history into the Renaissance focuses around religious ceremonies of some type. Plato believed art to be a form of communication on a metaphysical level. The modern western view†¦show more content†¦Without the scientific knowledge of later generations, it is assumed that these figures were representations to invoke fertility. Mesopotamia art was centered in what are now Iran and Iraq. The developing cultures (Assyrians, Sumerians, Babylonians, etc) in the area, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which is sometimes called the Cradle of Civilization or the Fertile Crescent, are credited with the invention of cuneiform writing which is shown to us in the Stele (law code) of Hamarabi. Within these cultures, rulers often conferred with the religious leaders and religion was an important part of their society. The unique character of Sumerian art is exemplified by a group of votive statues from the Abu Temple, at Tell Asmar. The identities of these statues are unclear. However, it is an educated theory that they served Abu, God of vegetation, and they represent priests, and worshipers. There is no indication that these figures were intended to represent a naturalistic scheme. It is important to note that the symbolization is that of the human form and representative of some form of authoritarian hierarchy. Tracking the human form and its relationship to art, history, and culture as the human figure evolves through the centuries as artists perfect theirShow MoreRelatedThe History of Art951 Words   |  4 PagesThe uniqueness of Japanese art, especially in terms of Chinese art, depends on the historical era. As Lee (1962) points out, There are periods in Japanese art where the artist is either copying, or is heavily influenced by, Chinese art. At such times it can be said that Japanese art is a strong reflection of Chinese art, (p. 3). At other times, though, small differences between the arts of China and Japan are magnified to such an extent that they become fully developed and original styles, (LeeRead MoreArt History And Its Impact On Art980 Words   |  4 PagesArt history allows for a greater understanding of the progression of human thought and how conditions from one time period to another are reflected in art. 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Ideologies reflective of their societies were depicted through sculptures, frescoes, pottery, paintings, and many other methods. Many of these principals were created, celebrated, and popularized by constituents of societies where andocentric values were applied not only to social and politicalRead MoreArt History : Renaissance Italy Art2596 Words   |  11 Pages ART HISTORY: RENAISSANCE ITALY ART Yim Tsz Fung Jeremy SID: 430114898 Date â€Æ' INTRODUCTION Italian Renaissance was a period of great cultural changes in Europe that started in Italy in the 14th century and continued until the 16th century. Renaissance marked the evolution between Medieval and the early modern Europe. The era of rebirth is known for the renewed interests in the culture of traditional antique after the Dark Ages. In the renaissance, art was very important as people expected

Robert Lynds Essay on the Pleasures of Ignorance

Born in Belfast, Robert Lynd moved to London when he was 22 and soon  became a popular and prolific essayist, critic, columnist, and poet. His essays are characterized by humor, precise  observations, and a lively, engaging style. From Ignorance To Discovery Writing under the pseudonym of Y.Y., Lynd contributed a weekly literary essay to the New Statesman magazine from 1913 to 1945. The Pleasures of Ignorance is one of those many essays. Here he offers examples from nature to demonstrate his thesis that out of ignorance we get the constant  pleasure of discovery. The Pleasures of Ignorance by Robert Lynd (1879-1949) It is impossible to take a walk in the country with an average townsman—especially, perhaps, in April or May—without being amazed at the vast continent of his ignorance. It is impossible to take a walk in the country oneself without being amazed at the vast continent of ones own ignorance. Thousands of men and women live and die without knowing the difference between a beech and an elm, between the song of a thrush and the song of a blackbird. Probably in a modern city the man who can distinguish between a thrushs and a blackbirds song is the exception. It is not that we have not seen the birds. It is simply that we have not noticed them. We have been surrounded by birds all our lives, yet so feeble is our observation that many of us could not tell whether or not the chaffinch sings, or the colour of the cuckoo. We argue like small boys as to whether the cuckoo always sings as he flies or sometimes in the branches of a tree—whether [George] Chapman drew on his fa ncy or his knowledge of nature in the lines: When in the oaks green arms the cuckoo sings,And first delights men in the lovely springs. Ignorance And Discovery This ignorance, however, is not altogether miserable. Out of it we get the constant pleasure of discovery. Every fact of nature comes to us each spring, if only we are sufficiently ignorant, with the dew still on it. If we have lived half a lifetime without having ever even seen a cuckoo, and know it only as a wandering voice, we are all the more delighted at the spectacle of its runaway flight as it hurries from wood to wood conscious of its crimes, and at the way in which it halts hawk-like in the wind, its long tail quivering, before it dares descend on a hill-side of fir-trees where avenging presences may lurk. It would be absurd to pretend that the naturalist does not also find pleasure in observing the life of the birds, but his is a steady pleasure, almost a sober and plodding occupation, compared to the morning enthusiasm of the man who sees a cuckoo for the first time, and, behold, the world is made new.And, as to that, the happiness even of the naturalist depends in some me asure upon his ignorance, which still leaves him new worlds of this kind to conquer. He may have reached the very Z of knowledge in the books, but he still feels half ignorant until he has confirmed each bright particular with his eyes. He wishes with his own eyes to see the female cuckoo—rare spectacle!—as she lays her egg on the ground and takes it in her bill to the nest in which it is destined to breed infanticide. He would sit day after day with a field-glass against his eyes in order personally to endorse or refute the evidence suggesting that the cuckoo does lay on the ground and not in a nest. And, if he is so far fortunate as to discover this most secretive of birds in the very act of laying, there still remain for him other fields to conquer in a multitude of such disputed questions as whether the cuckoos egg is always of the same colour as the other eggs in the nest in which she abandons it. Assuredly the men of science have no reason as yet to weep over the ir lost ignorance. If they seem to know everything, it is only because you and I know almost nothing. There will always be a fortune of ignorance waiting for them under every fact they turn up. They will never know what song the Sirens sang to Ulysses any more than Sir Thomas Browne did. ​The Cuckoo Illustration If I have called in the cuckoo to illustrate the ordinary mans ignorance, it is not because I can speak with authority on that bird. It is simply because, passing the spring in a parish that seemed to have been invaded by all the cuckoos of Africa, I realised how exceedingly little I, or anybody else I met, knew about them. But your and my ignorance is not confined to cuckoos. It dabbles in all created things, from the sun and moon down to the names of the flowers. I once heard a clever lady asking whether the new moon always appears on the same day of the week. She added that perhaps it is better not to know, because, if one does not know when or in what part of the sky to expect it, its appearance is always a pleasant surprise. I fancy, however, the new moon always comes as a surprise even to those who are familiar with her time-tables. And it is the same with the coming in of spring and the waves of the flowers. We are not the less delighted to find an early primrose because we ar e sufficiently learned in the services of the year to look for it in March or April rather than in October. We know, again, that the blossom precedes and not succeeds the fruit of the apple tree, but this does not lessen our amazement at the beautiful holiday of a May orchard. ​The Pleasure Of Learning At the same time there is, perhaps, a special pleasure in re-learning the names of many of the flowers every spring. It is like re-reading a book that one has almost forgotten. Montaigne tells us that he had so bad a memory that he could always read an old book as though he had never read it before. I have myself a capricious and leaking memory. I can read Hamlet itself and The Pickwick Papers as though they were the work of new authors and had come wet from the press, so much of them fades between one reading and another. There are occasions on which a memory of this kind is an affliction, especially if one has a passion for accuracy. But this is only when life has an object beyond entertainment. In respect of mere luxury, it may be doubted whether there is not as much to be said for a bad memory as for a good one. With a bad memory one can go on reading Plutarch and The Arabian Nights all ones life. Little shreds and tags, it is probable, will stick even in the worst memory, just a s a succession of sheep cannot leap through a gap in a hedge without leaving a few wisps of wool on the thorns. But the sheep themselves escape, and the great authors leap in the same way out of an idle memory and leave little enough behind. ​The Pleasure Of Asking Questions And, if we can forget books, it is as easy to forget the months and what they showed us, when once they are gone. Just for the moment I tell myself that I know May like the multiplication table and could pass an examination on its flowers, their appearance and their order. Today I can affirm confidently that the buttercup has five petals. (Or is it six? I knew for certain last week.) But next year I shall probably have forgotten my arithmetic, and may have to learn once more not to confuse the buttercup with the celandine. Once more I shall see the world as a garden through the eyes of a stranger, my breath taken away with surprise by the painted fields. I shall find myself wondering whether it is science or ignorance which affirms that the swift (that black exaggeration of the swallow and yet a kinsman of the humming-bird) never settles even on a nest, but disappears at night into the heights of the air. I shall learn with fresh astonishment that it is the male, and not the female, cuckoo that sings. I may have to learn again not to call the campion a wild geranium, and to rediscover whether the ash comes early or late in the etiquette of the trees. A contemporary English novelist was once asked by a foreigner what was the most important crop in England. He answered without a moments hesitation: Rye. Ignorance so complete as this seems to me to be touched with magnificence; but the ignorance even of illiterate persons is enormous. The average man who uses a telephone could not explain how a telephone works. He takes for granted the telephone, the railway train, the linotype, the aeroplane, as our grandfathers took for granted the miracles of the gospels. He neither questions nor understands them. It is as though each of us investigated and made his own only a tiny circle of facts. Knowledge outside the days work is regarded by most men as a gewgaw. Still we are constantly in reaction against our ignorance. We rouse ourselves at intervals and speculate. We reve l in speculations about anything at all—about life after death or about such questions as that which is said to have puzzled Aristotle, why sneezing from noon to midnight was good, but from night to noon unlucky. One of the greatest joys known to man is to take such a flight into ignorance in search of knowledge. The great pleasure of ignorance is, after all, the pleasure of asking questions. The man who has lost this pleasure or exchanged it for the pleasure of dogma, which is the pleasure of answering, is already beginning to stiffen. One envies so inquisitive a man as [Benjamin] Jowett, who sat down to the study of physiology in his sixties. Most of us have lost the sense of our ignorance long before that age. We even become vain of our squirrels hoard of knowledge and regard increasing age itself as a school of omniscience. We forget that Socrates was famed for wisdom not because he was omniscient but because he realised at the age of seventy that he still knew nothing. * Originally appearing in  The New Statesman, The Pleasures of Ignorance by Robert Lynd served as the lead essay in his collection  The Pleasures of Ignorance  (Riverside Press and Charles Scribners Sons, 1921)

Pros And Cons Of Minimum Wage - 991 Words

A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers must legally pay their workers for their services. It is an example of a price floor below which workers may not wish to sell their labour legally. The purpose of minimum wages is to protect workers against low pay. They help ensure an equitable share of profits and a minimum living wage to all who are employed. Minimum wage can also be one element of a policy to overcome poverty and reduce inequality, including those between men and women, by promoting the right to equal pay for equal value of work. This paper will discuss the pros and cons of minimum wage from the perspective of the Seafarers, Employers(Shipowners) and the government, keeping all the theories of microeconomics and†¦show more content†¦Shipping being such a large industry with over 1.6 million seafarers globally, consisting of both officers and ratings from countries such as China, Philippines, Russia, Ukraine and India supplying the largest number of seafarers to the industry. The number of seafarers have been predicted to grow in the future with an increase in demand for both officer as well as rating. To gain better understanding about the role minimum wage plays in the shipping industry we must gain knowledge about the different players in the maritime industry and their roles. In the early 20th century many shipowners, to reduce their costs decided to register their ship in countries which had minimum or weak regulatory system and to avoid union and with the advent of Panama and Liberian registries the shipowner’s decided to register ship with registers known as Flags of Convenience (FOC’s). These registries had a regulation free environment and these FOC’s help the shipowners to do away with any enforcement and neither the flag state attempts to enforce any laws on the shipowners nor does it make any laws so that power can be exercised upon shipowners. The incentives for shipowners to register their ships with Flags of Convenience were many, earlier the shipowner had to employ crew on the ship from the countries where the ship was registered andShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Minimum Wage994 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of the minimum wage is that workers are guaranteed enough money to improve their standard of living. The price of the minimum wage is determined by the state, but a federal minimum wage is set. Some states choose to go above the minimum wage, while others, such as Alabama and Louisiana, choose to not have a minimum wage at all (Root). The minimum wage is important to society, because it can affect many people’s lives. There are many pros and cons to having a minimum wage in the United StatesRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Minimum Wage769 Words   |  4 PagesDid you know minimum wage was $0.25 per hour in 1938? Since then it has raised to a whopping $7.25. Most readers will agree that there is a pro blem with this current minimum wage, considering the cost of living and salaries, Etc. However, they might not understand the complexity of the issue. In fact, the topic is not simply a question of if the minimum wage should be increased or kept the same, but more of a complex issue involving the different viewpoints on why people agree or disagree. Some reasonsRead MorePros And Cons Of The Minimum Wage1620 Words   |  7 PagesIncreasing the federal minimum wage has been a controversial topic around the United States; many people are in favor of raising the minimum wage, while others heavily oppose the idea. While everyone is entitled to their own opinion, statistics have shown that the minimum wage is closely correlated to public health, and it shows that this topic is a much bigger and broader picture than simply economics. The federal minimum wage has a history that dates all the way back to 1938, and the strong debatesRead MorePros And Cons Of The Minimum Wage1755 Words   |à ‚  8 PagesMinimum Wage: The Pros and Cons Looking back over the last century, minimum wage has been a divisive subject among policy makers and economists in the United States. As far back as 1938 when the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) was first introduced, minimum wage has been a contentious issue. After much judicial opposition, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law a bill which was a landmark in the nation’s social and economic development. The bill banned oppressive child labor, set the minimumRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Minimum Wage701 Words   |  3 PagesPros and Cons of Minimum Wage The argument for minimum wage has remained remake consistent over the years. Some people are against minimum wage and the other think minimum wage can help you in a certain way. In the midst of the Great Depression, the Unites States federal government passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. The law has been amended almost every year to expand coverage of the wage floor and to increase the wage itself. Many of the fifty states have enacted their own minimum wage lawsRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Abolishing Minimum Wage954 Words   |  4 PagesAbolishing Minimum Wage Increase, decrease or abolish minimum wage; which is best for our citizens and our economy? Minimum wage was implemented to help unskilled workers to make a living wage but as time goes on the value of minimum wage has plummet. In my research paper I will provide knowledge about minimum wage such as the history, purpose, benefits and the results. I will also present the pros and cons of abolishing the minimum wage and the increase/decrease of minimum. The minimum wage was originallyRead MorePros And Cons Of Raising The Minimum Wage1908 Words   |  8 PagesTai K. Lamar Jennifer Chicosky ENG-111-IN1 07/21/17 Raising the Minimum Wage from $7.25 Can you live off $7.25 an hour? Would you be able to pay all your bills, and have plenty of money left over for food, as well as personal pleasures? Imagine your salary was cut down to a forty-hour work week at the minimum wage salary in your state. Can you save money while on a minimum wage hourly salary? These same questions are on the minds of many Americans that are currently facing these struggles every timeRead MorePros and Cons of Raising a Minimum Wage Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesMinimum Wage A minimum wage is the lowest hourly wage that employers have to compensate the workers for their service. Currently the federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. However, many states also have their own minimum wage laws. In those instances, the employee is entitled to the higher of the two minimum wages. In this paper we will discuss the brief history of the minimum wage law and its current legislation. We will also analyze the pros and cons of raising the minimum wage, and theRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Raising The Minimum Wage993 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough it is not a new topic in America, the decision to raise the minimum wage continues to be controversial, especially in the political realm. The political parties still move to block the opposing party from successfully implanting their ideals, causing either nothing to be accomplished or the situation to worsen. Research shows that raising the minimum wage a reasonable amount would lessen the gap between the rich and th e poor, continue to fulfill its original purpose of protecting workersRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Raising the Minimum Wage1156 Words   |  5 PagesPros and Cons of Raising the Minimum Wage When you picture a minimum wage worker, who do you picture? Do you see a sixteen year old, a middle-aged mother, a college graduate, or even a senior citizen worker? In September of 2013, California governor Jerry Brown signed a new bill into act that would cause the California minimum wage to rise from the current $8.00 and hour to $10.00 and hour in increments over the next three years. The minimum wage rate will go up in two separate $1.00 boosts.

What Makes A Good Ruler - 1506 Words

Throughout class one of the major themes has been what qualities make the best possible ruler. Two of my favorite philosophers, Plato and Machiavelli, although very different both attempt to give an answer of what makes a good ruler. Plato’s Philosopher King and Machiavelli’s Prince share their similarities and differences, but in the end Machiavelli paints a more realistic picture of a ruler which makes his prince more favorable. In order to understand why Machiavelli’s Prince may be more appealing than Plato’s Philosopher king, we must 1st come to understand what the King and the Prince look like as described by our writers. When it comes to the Philosopher King we are talking about someone who is truly virtuous on the basis of morality and justice. In Plato’s head a just person can create a just society. The Philosopher King rises to power by using his knowledge, and is very wise. He understands all that is good and evil, which is something your average citizen cannot do. In addition to this, the Philosopher King uses religion and education to bind people together. The King is incorruptible, and has a deeper understanding of reality. He loves truth above all, and uses his rationality to rule as the just person he is. The Philosopher King understand that pleasures of the soul are more important than that of the body. He shows courage, and no fear of death. In the best society the Philosopher King would be serving as a Monarch acting on behalf of everyone. He lives up toShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Good Ruler?1411 Words   |  6 Pages What constitutes a good ruler? Is it someone that listens ? Or, perhaps someone that gets everything right? Is a ruler someone that gets things wrong sometimes? Does he listen and learn from his mistakes? Is a ruler always born into his position, or is it stolen? According to Machiavelli, the best ruler is the fairest one. The way to the most successful rulership, as Machiavelli describes, is following the steps that are written in his book- The Prince. Personally, I believe that Machiavelli sRead MoreJustice Is One Of Four Cardinal Platonic Virtues Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesJustice is one of four cardinal Platonic virtues. These virtues are said to be good by nature, and so they must be ideals that all individuals strive to demonstrate in their lives. In The Republic, Plato (through Socrates) attempts to find the definition of Justice through dialogue with his colleagues. One of his colleagues Thrasymachus proclaims that: â€Å"Justice is in the interest of the stronger.â⠂¬  (338c) In other words, rulers make laws from which only they reap the benefits of. Fortunately, this dark viewRead MoreThe Republic by Plato1645 Words   |  7 Pagesactual interest of the rulers. Second, by claiming that all craftsmen only consider the welfare of the recipients of expertise instead of their own interest, Socrates asserts that a ruler, having an expertise of ruling, also only cares about the interest of the ruled, and thus morality is the advantage of the weaker. In this paper, I will show that Thrasymachus only gives an argument about descriptive morality, and Socrates, by using a completely different definition of a ruler, fails to challenge theRead More The prince Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince† attempts to explain the necessary tactics and required knowledge a ruler must attain in order to gain and maintain a successful reign. The novel serves as an abstract manual, addressing the definition of a good/b ad ruler by placing emphasis on the required military organization, the character a ruler must posses, and the success that could be attained if a ruler should follow the guide. The scope in which the book is written is that of a scholarly observant. MachiavelliRead MoreThe Republic By Plato And The Prince By Machiavelli1617 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli offer important views on political philosophies of rulers. Plato writes of a perfect society where status as ruler is naturally selected through innate abilities. These abilities are used to sustain the society, better it, and preserve it. Machiavelli writes of a society where anyone can be a prince; which for our purposes is a synonym for ruler, if they follow his instructions. These instructions are to ensure a new ruler can take control of new lands and maintain order in them for theRead MoreAnalysis Of Hsun Tzu s Man s Nature Is Evil1720 Words   |  7 Pagesare made because of the environment. Each person believes leaders possess certain characteristics that make them good rulers. I believe leaders are made, they are taught what is wrong and right, and they are taught how to be a certain kind of leader in the context of their environment. I want to discuss what makes someone a good leader. Is a good leader efficient and adaptable or is a good leader born with predetermined qualities that dictate how they will rule over a kingdom or state? In Hsà ¼nRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare, there is a constant theme of questioning what quantifies a good leader and what qualifies someone to lead. These questions, however, are more easily posed than answered because they change immensely depending upon the individual responding. Some follow the school of thought that a king should be selected based on divine inheritance while others focus more holistically on a king who possesses good qualities that would make them a worthy ruler. In Macbeth there are not many examples of decentRead MoreAccording To Thracymachus Justice Is In The Interest Of1687 Words   |  7 Pagesresponding to the question, â€Å"what is justice?† as put forth by Socrates. An important implication of this response is that justice lies in following the rules and regulations made by the ruler and therefore, doing what is in the interest of the ruler. The problem with this understanding of justice is that for Socrates, justice is a virtue that applies universally everywhere, while for Thracymachus justice would change from city to city depending on the type of ruler. For instance, if gambling isRead MoreComparing Plato s The Republic957 Words   |  4 PagesWhat mix of traits creates the perfect ruler? Some may say charisma, personability, or even good looks. Throughout history, a plethora of leaders with different views have been successful for many different kinds of societies. Depending on what the society needs, rulers change their ways as well as do what they can for the good of their people. In Plato’s The Republic, the character Socrates argues with his peers about what makes the perfect society, as well as the perfect leader. According to PlatoRead MoreEssay on Platonic Justice916 Words   |  4 Pagesand his peers. At the beginning of The Republic, Plato asks the fundamental question of what is justice? Looking to define the ideal state of justice, Plato reasons that he must first define justice in theory before he can use justice practically. Platonic Justice is defined as being a harmony between the tripartite soul in which reasons guide the spirit and appetite. Justice is said to be good in itself and good in its practical ends. It is educating desires, implementing the human faculty of reason

Eating Out Free Essays

Eating out is a fun way to celebrate a birthday, anniversary, or other special occasion. However, eating out should not be a part of your regular diet. If you are attempting to lose weight or maintain a healthy lifestyle, it is almost impossible to do so if you are eating out on a regular basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Eating Out or any similar topic only for you Order Now Appetizers and rolls are the first reason why eating out is bad for your health. When you cook at home, you usually do not prepare additional appetizers to eat before the main course because it is more work, but waiters at a restaurant push the appetizers, which can easily add an additional 500+ calories to your meal depending on what you order and how much you eat, just so that they can cushion their tip and make the restaurant more money. Restaurants also provide free rolls with butter. Eating two rolls can add another 300 calories to your meal. A seemingly healthy salad is the next disastrous course when eating out. A salad by itself is healthy, but many restaurants will add croutons, bacon bits, cheese, and fatty dressings to the lettuce and a couple other vegetables. The result is enough fat to fulfil your fat content for the entire day. If you’re going to indulge in a salad, avoid the croutons altogether and opt for apple cider or balsamic vinegar or oil and vinaigrette. Between the appetizer, rolls, salad, and first round of drinks most people have already consumed more than they ever would by cooking a meal at home. The problem is that all of these items are pushed by the waiter or their eating companions, making it even more difficult for someone struggling with their diet to say no. The main course finally comes and you thought you ordered something healthy, fish, and steamed veggies, but what they don’t mention on the menu is that vegetables are almost always soaked in butter and the fish is covered with a high calorie sauce to disguise the fact that it has been overcooked. The problem with eating out is that everything is so readily available with no work on your part. If given the choice most people don’t want to spend the time to prepare a five course meal at home, this is reserved for holidays like Thanksgiving, but when presented with the opportunity for that five course meal without having to do any of the work involved it makes it all too easy for people to say yes. You finish your meal and the waiter comes over and makes a point of asking if you’d like dessert. Then the waiter will chatter on about all of the desserts available, you think that if you split the dessert with someone else at the table it will keep you from consuming too many calories. The problem is that you have already consumed too many calories before the dessert menu has even been presented. Also, even if you do split a desert you can easily be consuming another 500 calories. When all is said and done, your one meal out most likely contains more calories than you should be consuming in an entire day. It is best not to test your will power when it comes to your diet. The next time someone suggests eating out; quickly think of a delicious meal that can be cooked at home for a fraction of the calories. This will give you control over how your food is prepared, not to mention that eating at home will also save you hundreds of rupees per month. How to cite Eating Out, Essay examples

Scarface 1932 free essay sample

The rise from an ordinary middle class gangster to a notorious and high class ruler, â€Å"Scarface† is a story of a man who gets his dream and desired status in the gang world through multiple phases of killing and torturing others. It’s a story of Tony Camonte (Paul Muni) and his rise and fall as a gangster, a story of violence that ends in self-destruction. â€Å"Scarface† not only portrays the ruthless achievement of a gangster but also gives the reason behind their achievement. After going through the movie and trying to relate everything in it, this statement indeed turns out to be the most significant part, together with the famous â€Å"X† motif. One of the boldest, raw and violent movies of all time, the story of â€Å"Scarface† blames the audience for the existence of gangsters and their mob activities. Three rounds of bullets are fired on an old-fashioned and obnoxious gangster named â€Å"Big Louie† in the early morning scene as dawn approaches. Tony Camonte has just killed his boss â€Å"Big Louie† because he plans to join another notorious and rival gangster â€Å"Johnny Lovo†. A waiter cleaning the mess from the last night party witnesses the killing of â€Å"Big Louie† but quietly leaves the scene without doing anything. A common man, who suppresses his voice against violence and injustice, is the reason behind the increasing gang activities according to the movie. Another scene shows the arrest of Tony Camonte and Guino Rinaldo (Tony’s right-hand man) in a local barbershop. The barber himself helps Tony in hiding the gun before police enters the saloon, which is another example of people helping gangsters. As police takes Rinaldo and Camonte for the investigation of Big Louie’s murder, general public surrounds the scene. Once again, both Rinaldo and Camonte have build up their notorious status among the public as they pass through the crowd to get into the car. Tony Camonte is a man with huge ambitions. He wants to rule the gangster world and the only way to achieve that is by killing whomever that falls in his way. Tony’s motto, â€Å"Do it first, do it yourself, and keep on doing it† leads him to achieve the ultimate fate that he was seeking for. He is the man who loves an extravagant lifestyle, as most of the time he is seen bragging about his riches to others, especially Poppy. Poppy is a slim, flat-chested blond with curly hair whom Tony finds to be attractive with. At one point Tony sees â€Å"THE WORLD IS YOURS† sign blinking at him and the world for him, at this point, is the possession of Poppy and being on top. Currently Lovo’s girlfriend, Poppy dislikes Tony at first but eventually ends up liking him. Now that she finds Tony attractive, she wants to be closer with him and wants to spend more time with him. Her concern for Tony is reflected in a scene where, after seeing him for a long time, she says, â€Å"Where have you been? On vacation? †. Despite being attracted to Poppy, there is barely any romantic scene in between Tony and her. Instead Tony is much more interested in his sister â€Å"Cesca†. Although the movie doesn’t show any incestuous relation between him and his sister, his feeling towards her is reflected in his conservative and protective nature for his sister from other men. He goes mad when he sees Cesca with other men. This nature causes him to kill his most faithful and close friend â€Å"Rinaldo†, the man whom Tony trusted so much that he had told his intentions of killing everyone to get to the top in a short car ride at the beginning of the movie. But even after his brother killed her husband, Cesca still goes back to Tony saying, â€Å"You are me and I am you†, which pretty much shows that she too had that feeling for her brother. As far as the relationship with his mother is concerned, his mother knows that Tony is in the wrong way and that he uses other for his benefits. Throughout the movie, his mother is seen disregarding him for his acts referring him as â€Å"bad† and â€Å"no good†. As Tony works in expanding the booze business, many of his rivals, including innocent civilians, are killed. Tony shows no mercy, as he knows why and what he is doing it. In one scene, Tony and Poppy are about to have lunch when suddenly, the North-side gang attacks them. The machine guns are fired through the glasses of the restaurant as Tony and Poppy hides behind a wooden wall. The bullets hit innocent people rather than the gangsters, but Tony doesn’t care for others. He leaves the scene with a happy face, as he gets a new machine gun, which he believes will ease his work. His way of dealing with booze buying customers is also very ruthless. As he gets the new machine gun, he starts killing the North-side gang by riding inside a car and shooting through the window. In this process a lot of simple civilians losses their life and in a particular scene, a barrel of beer gets knocked out into a woman’s room and a large crying voice of her is heard. All in all, he shows no mercy for anyone. The public is shown to be the cause behind the rise of gangster and public themselves are also shown to be the ones to suffer. For me the most interesting aspect of the movie was the â€Å"X† motif, which signals murder is imminent and also the pre-murder whistling of Comante. The movie’s credits in the beginning features the â€Å"X† symbol in the background. Not only that, â€Å"X† symbol takes varied forms like shadows, wooden-cross beams, Tony’s facial scar, number in the door, score in the bowling game, etc. In all cases, whenever an â€Å"X† appears, a murder happens. In addition to murders, the â€Å"X† motif covey a very important message too. We usually associate X sign with â€Å"the end†, or â€Å"closed/no way out†. The message that the movie is giving out is, once someone gets into the crime world, there is no escape. His or her lifestyle is bounded with such circumstance that even if they try to get off it, there is no way. The only way, the only escape, is death. Regarding the whistling of Tony, it seems like Tony enjoys killing others. People usually whistle when they are in good mood or when they are trying to have fun. As per Tony, he whistles before killing someone. So, he definitely enjoys killing. â€Å"Scarface† is a story of a man, whose intentions of getting bigger and bigger ultimately kills him. The notorious rise and a humiliating fall, Howard Hawk’s â€Å"Scarface† delivers complete show of exceptional acting and delivers an important message to the public.

Vaccine Preventable Disease-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Select one vaccine preventable disease (VPD) outbreak in Australian in the past 10 years. Provide a summary of statistics for the outbreak and outline the impact of the outbreak on the patient and the community. 2.Discuss the importance of continuing to maintain high herd immunity for VPD when diseases are no longer a threat in Australia. Answers: 1.Vaccine Preventable Disease Outbreak in Australia (for the past 10 years): Hepatitis A Summary of the Outbreak Statistics According to the reports published by ABC news (2017), there have been 82 to 41 reported cases of hepatitis A occurrence since 2013. The same statistics has been reported by NSW Health (2017). According to NSW (2017), the people who become victims of Hepatitis A outbreak have mostly returned from the high-risk countries. ABC news further reported that in 2015, at least 18 people have contracted the disease in Victoria with the outbreak associated with frozen berries. NSW Health (2017) has launched an investigation in order to study the hepatitis outbreak following the confirmation of 12 cases during the past five week alone in Sydney and in associated areas. This investigation showed that 10 out of 12 people have had no recent travel to overseas and thus the reason behind the occurrence of disease is maintenance of poor hygiene. The rate of occurrence was more prevalent among the aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children residing in the Northern Territory of South Australia, Que ensland and Western Australia (Australian Government Department of Health, 2017). Impact of the outbreak on the patient and community According to NSW Health (2017), Australia has low incidence of hepatitis A. However, the outbreak are mostly associated with the consumption of contaminated food products or at times linked with person-to-person spread. This viral disease is mostly a result of poor hygiene and the symptoms include vomiting, nausea, high fever, dark urine, yellowing of the skin and pale stools. 2.Importance of Herd Immunity According to the reports published by Thompson et al. (2017), the National Hepatitis A immunisation program has had a notable impact over the target population with relatively modest vaccination coverage along with evidence for suggestive f substantial herd protection effects. According to Ott, Irving and Wiersma (2012), Herd immunity signifies that not everyone in the community needs to be immunized in order to prevent the spread of the disease. If high percentage of individuals within the population is immune against the disease then it will ensure that the majority will safe guard the negligible susceptible groups because pathogen is less likely to spot any susceptible person. References Doctors probe food link in hepatitis A outbreak. (2017).ABC News. Retrieved 22 February 2018, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-05/hepatitis-a-outbreak-in-sydney-with-12-people-infected/8874800 NSW Health investigating hepatitis A outbreak in Sydney - News. (2017).Health.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 22 February 2018, from https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20170905_02.aspx NSW Health investigating hepatitis A outbreak in Sydney - News. (2017).Health.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 22 February 2018, from https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20170905_02.aspx Ott, J. J., Irving, G., Wiersma, S. T. (2012). Long-term protective effects of hepatitis A vaccines. A systematic review.Vaccine,31(1), 3-11. Thompson, C., Dey, A., Fearnley, E., Polkinghorne, B., Beard, F. (2017). Impact of the national targeted Hepatitis A immunisation program in Australia: 20002014.Vaccine,35(1), 170-176

Literacy Test Preparation Essays - Writing, Education In Ontario

Literacy Test Preparation Writing a Series of Paragraphs (Opinion Writing) Series of Paragraphs (5 paragraph format) Literacy Test Task: Write a minimum of three paragraphs expressing an opinion about the topic given Develop your main idea with supporting details (proof, facts, examples etc.) The audience: adults interested in your opinion The lined space provided indicates the approximate length of writing expected Example: Topic: Is it a good idea for high school students to have a part-time job? Length: Approximately 2 pages **page 16-18 2008-2009 osslt book What to do BEFORE you write: Read all instructions carefully Form an opinion about the topic 3. List reasons (supports) for your opinion as well as details, examples or facts to back them up Complete this work in the rough notes section provided in your OSSLT booklet, this work is not marked Identify which of these supports is the weakest, second strongest to strongest Is it a good idea for high school students to have a part-time job? YES!!! Start to build a resume Make your own spending money Need something to do with my spare time See what type of work I like doing or dont like doing NO!!! I want to focus my free time on studying I want to be involved in extra curriculars instead My parents give me an allowance Take away from time I spend with my friends Pick a side... It doesnt really matter what your personal opinion is on the OSSLT, it matters what you can write the most about. Go back a slide, which option (Yes or No) could you write a more detailed paragraph about? Writing a series of paragraphs Decide on the format of your answer You should write using the 5 paragraph format (even though the instructions from the OSSLT booklet will suggest you write a minimum of 3 paragraphs) Write your paragraphs in the third person voice Do not use I, I think or in my opinion Review your rough notes to decide what information will be written in which paragraph Introduction Paragraph # 1 Write a topic sentence- explain the topic or provide a definition if needed Include an opinion statement (thesis)- state your opinion about the topic and list your 3 supports Body Paragraphs # 2, 3 and 4 In each paragraph, select one of your arguments that support your opinion from your rough work Include examples and specific details to emphasize your explanation Explain how your support backs up your opinion Conclusion Paragraph Re-state or re-word your opinion statement (thesis) Summarize your supports

Things You Never Learn in College (But Need for Your Career)

Things You Never Learn in College (But Need for Your Career) If it wasn’t for college, there are just some things the world would never know. For example, how else would the human race know that two days of Red Bull, pizza, and finals can turn a normal person into a zombie? College is also the reason why there are so many different uses for Ramen – from food to furniture. Still, there are a few things that you just can’t learn in college. Despite how much Calculus, World History, or Political Science you study, here is a handful of items that you’ll need to learn on your own if you want to be successful in your future career. Time Management Skills In college, you can get away with procrastinating important papers until the day they’re due, especially if you’re willing to stay up all night in order to finish. In the real world, due dates often mean the difference between having a job and keeping them. In order to be successful, you’ll need to learn how to complete projects over time and ahead of schedule. Negotiation As a college student, if your roommate does something you don’t like, you can always just slam the door in his face or steal all his cereal as retribution. You are not encouraged to negotiate with professors as it wont help you to get a better grade anyway. In college you are usually limited by the rules and policy, told what to do and left with minimum freedom. In the real world successful people do negotiate. You’ll need to learn how to compromise and negotiate if you want to get ahead in your career path, defend your ideas and expect results from co workers. Teamwork While some college professors try to teach teamwork, it usually ends up just being an exercise to see which one of your team members is the biggest overachiever. In the real world, you can’t afford to sit back and let someone else do your work for you. You must learn how to actually do your part in order to make your entire work team successful. Follow-Through College students are notorious for making plans or promises and then just not showing up. This might be okay if you’re talking about participating in a beer crawl, but it may just get you fired if you try it at work. It is vital to learn how to make a commitment and then always follow through. It will help you get ahead in your career and make you more trustworthy in your personal life. Money Management It’s really easy to pay bills when you have unlimited access to your dad’s credit cards. Unfortunately, that blissful period where your family (or your loans) pays for your daily Wendy’s injections doesn’t last forever. Learn how to budget your money so that you can meet your needs in addition to paying your bills and saving something for the future. Social Tolerance You can be friends with whoever you want. If someone annoys you in a class, you don’t have to talk to them. Simple as that. Unfortunately, the real world is much different. You often have to work with, play with, and live with people who you just don’t like very much. It’s important to learn how to tolerate others’ differences in order to accomplish your goals. And, that means, accepting them without racist, sexist, or intolerant language and actions. Love Learning No matter how many courses you take, no one can teach you how to love learning. People who place importance on learning and growing are happier and more successful in their lives. If you are just going to school to check off the box, â€Å"I earned a degree,† you may not find that your degree does much for you except fill up space on your wall. Risk-taking Although college can help you explore new ideas, it can’t teach you one of the most important secrets of the universe – great people are not afraid to take risks. From Steve Jobs to those guys at College Humor, people who become great after college are the ones who don’t stay within the norms of society. Don’t be afraid to take risks that could potentially make you great. Failure doesn’t make you a loser. Not trying does. Organization It’s possible to get through college without being organized, but it’s not the badge of honour you think it is. Instead of seeing organization as something only nerds do, start to work out a system of your own now. Not only will it help you in your classes, but it will give you a great start on mastering the intricacies and scheduling of the real world. Can you add one more thing you never learn in college but will need in your future? We are waiting for your ideas!

An Investigation Into a Contemporay Health Issue Essay

An Investigation Into a Contemporay Health Issue - Essay Example The ‘Right to Die’ group argues that euthanasia is ethically wrong and is driven by some socio-ethical issues that are propagated by the society. Euthanasia is usually done on the critically ill, physically disabled and other people who are considered a burden to the society. The group cites that the debate on ethical implications of the process has a psychological effect on those who are targeted. This may affect and influence the affected to think in terms of euthanasia as the only way to become independent of their problems. While this may seem like voluntary euthanasia, although it has been aided by depression of the victim, the likelihood of people committing involuntary euthanasia in the future is very real. The argument countered fro by the proponents of Right to Life, questions the ethicality behind killing disabled people in the interests of the society. Governments have a duty to protect the fundamental human right to life, which will be seriously hindered by e uthanasia. The argument that people with disabilities are a burden to the society and should therefore have their lives terminated evokes a feeling of society riddled in unethical and immoral behaviors (Cauldwell, 2007). On the other hand, terminating someone’s life on the basis of incapacitation violates people’s right to life. The unethical nature of euthanasia has been experienced in many cases where people are killed through decisions taken by medical professionals and interested parties. If such a trend continues, the professional ethics and moral obligations will be eroded completely. The Futile-Care Theory and Health Rationing have been used to make euthanasia look ethical and moral. In some countries, healthcare professionals are prohibited from helping patients with certain levels of problems. While in other countries like Holland, euthanasia is legal. Even without the patients’ knowledge, the healthcare professionals result to euthanasia. This deprives people of their

Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mythology - Essay Example MYTHOLOGY The world of mythology is interconnected with heroism and supernatural elements. Within this context, the stages of development in a hero’s life (departure, initiation and return), put forth by Joseph Campbell in the work The Hero with A Thousand Faces is noteworthy. One can see that the Godfather films (The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and The Godfather Part III), by Francis Ford Coppola, belong to gangster film genre. The protagonist’s (Michael Corleone) transformation from a young man who hates gangster life to a gangster and later to an elderly individual who seeks redemption is beautifully portrayed by the director. Thesis statement: The portrayal of the character Michael Corleone from The Godfather films by Francis Ford Coppola proves that the same is according to the stages (departure, initiation and return) in the journey of a hero, put forth by Joseph Campbell in the work The Hero with A Thousand Faces (Special references to the films: The Godfat her, The Godfather Part II, and The Godfather Part III). The main stages in Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with A Thousand Faces According to Joseph Campbell, there is number of stages within the hero’s expedition or journey. All the heroes do not undergo all these stages, but the three stages (say, departure (past life), initiation (adventurous life) and return (return to motherland)) are most important. Seaward (2004), states that â€Å"The template of the hero’s journey involves three distinct stages: (1) the departure, (2) initiation, and (3) the return home† (p. 52). The first stage or departure helps the readers to have deep understanding on the hero’s adventurous life because this stage describes the hero’ adventurous in the past life. Moreover, this stage provides ample importance to the concept of heroism which can be generalized to the broader context of mythology. The second stage or initiation portrays the hero’s travel to the unknown world and adventures. This stage is important because it reflects the hero’s growth and development to a fully fledged hero, who is ready to face dangerous situations without fear. This stage is applicable to most of the conventional heroes because adventure is helpful to portray heroism. The problems faced by the hero during his travel to the unknown world are helpful to maintain the suspense of the whole story. The third and final stage is return, which portrays the hero’s return to his motherland. In this stage, the hero returns with immense power gained from the hardships faced during the journey. This stage is helpful for the hero to establish his victory over the evil. All these stages are again divided into sub-stages, but the essence of the hero’s growth and development is limited to the context of the foretold three stages. Michael Corleone and stages put forth by Joseph Campbell The plots of the three Godfather films revolve around Michael Cor leone, the main character. Campbell (2008), states that â€Å"Many tales isolate and greatly enlarge upon one or two of the typical elements of the full cycle (test motif, flight motif,

Personality Features of the Entrepreneur

Personality Features of the Entrepreneur Ability to set high personal but obtainable aims The concern of personal accomplishment, rather than reward of success Knowledge and experience-According to Schultz (1975) states that entrepreneur talent is not only innate, but may also improve by experience and education. Entrepreneur knowledge is the important element for any company performance. Brà ¼derl et al (1992) states that the higher level of Entrepreneur education bring positivity in the productivity, which automatically leads to increase the company profit. Hence higher productivity helps to increase efficiency and processing of management and on otherwise tends to attract the customers and participating profitably with suppliers and Investors. Hambrick and Mason(1984) also concludes that company success is totally dependent on the entrepreneur Knowledge. Knowledge mainly depends on the education and the past experience (Barker III and Mueller 2002; Hadjimanolis 2000).By attaining good knowledge, entrepreneur develops new innovative ideas and try to make them real. On the other hand Hisrich Peter (1995); Mcgrath MacMillan (2000) argues that there is perception that education experience do make contribution to the function of Entrepreneurship, however these experiences may not always exclusively transpire through formal education The environment of the different culture can produce difference in attitude (Baskerville 2003) as well as differences in the behaviour of entrepreneurial (North 1990; Shane 1994) culture knowledge is another aspect which can be understood by entrepreneur. According to Zhao (2010), the cultural awareness could be defined as the understanding of a peoples historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. Therefore, as Rogers and Steinfatt (1999) argue, culture has very powerful effects on individual behaviour including entrepreneurial behaviour. Vernon et aI (1997) explained that culture is an significant in any discussion of Entrepreneurship because it determines the attitude of individuals towards the commencement of Entrepreneurship. Prior hand experience is considered to be beneficial for any entrepreneur and can be expected to have a greater ability to resist unfavourable shocks and to perform corrective actions in a new venture. According to Davidsson and Honig (2003) Starr and Bygrave (1992) explains that the previous experience helps to lead to an implement skills that critically influences subsequent efforts to establish and build up new ventures. Also Shane(2000) Ucbasaran et al. (2003) concludes that the individuals who engage in the multiple starts-up called habitual entrepreneur, who develops a entrepreneurial approach and problem solving ability which automatically helps to increase their skill to recognize and utilize further opportunity. Propensity to take Risk-Risk attitude influence the entire life cycle of Entrepreneur. According to Cramer et al (2002) caliendo et al (2009), there is positive linkage between Risk attitude and the decision to become an Entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs tend to be more independently-minded, ready to take risks and accept the penalty if things go wrong.Casson (1982) concludes that risk taking ability and innovativeness are the personal characteristics and more over they have all the knowledge of handling business. Thus, people with more experience, higher abilities or greater knowledge in the field of potential self-employment tend to perceive the risks connected with certain decisions as lower ( Gifford 2003).Caird(1988) also agreed with Casson and concludes that successful entrepreneurs have abilities and knowledge to sense business risks and profitability and try to accurate errors to improve business performance and prospects. On the other hand Grable and Lytton (1998) also claim that the educational level of entrepreneurs is the most important variable in distinguishing risk-taking intensity in businesses. Psychological theory has pointed out that the individuals risk attitude is only one of numerous personal variables possibly influencing the decision to become an entrepreneur ( Rauch and Frese 2000). Person risk attitude is one of the key variable In the choice between a salaried job and entrepreneurship. According to Chell et al. (1991), there should be an inverse U-shaped relation between risk attitudes and entrepreneurial survival, where low risk attitudes characterize more risk averse and high risk attitudes indicate less risk averse persons. Recent research by Baron (2004) and K ¨ollinger et al (2007) provides further explanations for why particularly risk-seeking entrepreneurs might decide to start a business venture, even if low or even negative outcomes may arise with relatively high probability. Leadership- According to Graen and Scandura(1987) Leadership is broadly viewed as an interactive process, dependent upon both leaders and followers . and an entrepreneur is often described as a leader who must define a vision of what is possible and attract people to rally around that vision and transform it into reality (Kao, 1989). Hence, it is argued that there is interconnection between entrepreneurship and leadership (Jensen and Luthans, 2006) and to be successful entrepreneurs must possess leadership skills (Colbert, 2003).A leader has to be Entrepreneur aswell.It has been written that Entrepreneurial leadership deals with concepts and ideas,which are related to problems that are not of an organisational nature ( EL-Namaki 1992). Hinterhuber and Krauthammer (1998) assert that in todays turbulent environment, which demands not only continual innovation but radical improvements in all stakeholders satisfaction, leadership is more critical than ever for entrepreneurs. Author agin states that leadership stands onthree pillars: (1) Envisioning (2) Being an example and (3) Increasing the value of the firm Avolio et al (2004) provided a theory driven Framework for Studying Entrepreneur as a leader, with the focus on experience, self regulatory process, and leader behaviour The above theory explores that how a entrepreneur leadership can positively linked to the organisation commitment, satisfaction of the job, happiness to his/her employees. Rhoades et al(2001) add on that when employees are treated in a fair and caring manner, they become more committed towards the organisation ,and more likely to have positive attitude. Confidence- Confidence is the key to success for any individual. Very few Entrepreneur need to have important skills, out of which confidence is very vital. Confidence helps entrepreneur to convert an idea into Business success. According to Wilson et al., (2007) self confidence is based on the abilities and perception of the skills rather than objective ability. But Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM) found that there is difference between the level of self confidence ability to believe in an entrepreneurs non-entrepreneurs. Minniti et al., 2004) also supports the idea of GEM that there is difference between the level of confidence in an Entrepreneur. Boyd and Vozikiss theory of intentionality helps us understand the role of confidence here too. They argue that self-efficacy not only positively influences intention, but that it also influences the transformation of intention into action (Boyd and Vozikis, 1994).While many entrepreneurs may have a clear intention to start a busine ss, not all do, and one of the things which predicts entrepreneurial action (i.e. launch) is self-efficacy. High confidence promotes a go-ahead spirit that can lead to success amid such uncertainty (Bazerman,1998) On the other hand Forbes (2005) states that the Entrepreneur who found their own business are more over confident than those who dint. According to Griffin and Varey, (1996) ,over confident is treated as situation specific. He means that the individual who is overconfident in one task might not be in second one. Gist and Mitchell (1992) Social cognitive theory tells us that self-efficacy, an assessment of ones confidence, is situation specific and implemented to the particular tasks rather than a general state of being. The real power to attract money comes from our own self-reliance, determination, and will; not from any dependence on anothers help and support. The power to attract money comes from the psychological viewpoint that I am the ultimate determinant of my fate. One of the reasons for Americas founding and continuous success was that her people were dedicated to self-reliance. Casson, M. (1982). The Entrepreneur: And Economic Theory. Oxford: Martin Robertson. Caird, S. (1988). A Review of Methods of Measuring Enterprising Attributes. Durham: Durham University Business School. Davidsson, P. (1989). Continued Entrepreneurship and Small Firm Business. Stockholm: Stockholm School of Economics Bellu, R.R. (1988). Entrepreneurs and managers: are they different? In Reynolds, P.D., Birley, S., Butler, J.E., Bygrave, W.D., Bird, B. (1992). The operation of intentions intime : the emergence of new venture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17 (1), 11-20 Brockhaus, R H. (1982). The psychology of the entrepreneur, hi Kent, C. A., Sexton, D. and Vesper. K. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship (pp. 39-56). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. McClelland, D.C. (1961), The Achieving Society. Princeton, NJ: Van Norstrand Co Opportunity-According to Shane et al (2000) The major task of entrepreneur is to find out and utilize oppurtunities Risk taking Capability- according to REFERENCES FOR BIT 1 Baskerville, R.F. 2003. Hofstede Never Studied Culture. Accounting, Organizations and Society 28(1):1-14 North, D.C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. New York: Norton. Shane, S. 1994. The Effect of National Culture on the Choice between Licensing and Direct Foreign Investment. Strategic Management Journal 15:627-642. Brà ¼derl, J., Preisendorfer, P., Ziegler., R., (1992), Survival Chances of Newly Founded Organizations,American Sociological Review, Vol: 57, 227-242 Hambrick, D. C., Mason, P. A., (1984), Upper echelons: the organization as a reflection of its top managers,Academy of Management Review, Vol. 9, no. 2, 193-206 Barker, V. 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(1992), The second time around: the outcomes, assets, and liabilities of prior start-up experience, in Birley, S. and MacMillan, I.C. (Eds), International Perspectives on Entrepreneurship Research 1991: Proceedings of the First Annual Global Conference on Entrepreneurship Research, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 340-63. Vernon -wortzel, H. Wortzel, L. (1997) strategic management in Global economy, John wiley, New York, NY Schultz, T.(1975) The value of the ability to deal with disequlibria. Journal of economic literature, 13,827-846 McgrathMacMillan(2000) The Entrepreneurial Mindset. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Caliendo et al., 2009 M. Caliendo, F. Fossen and A. Kritikos, Risk attitudes of nascent entrepreneurs: new evidence from an experimentally-validated survey, Small Business Economics 32 (2) (2009), pp. 153-167 Cramer et al., 2002 J. Cramer, J. Hartog, N. Jonker and C. Van Praag, Low risk aversion encourages the choice for entrepreneurship: an empirical test of a truism, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 48 (2002), pp. 29-3 Grable, J., Lytton, R. H. (998). Investor risk tolerance: Testing the efficacy of demographics as differentiating and classifying factors. Financial Counseling and Planning, 9(1),61-73 Caird, S. (1988). A Review of Methods of Measuring Enterprising Attributes. Durham: Durham University Business School. Chell, E., J. Harworth, and S. Brearley (1991). The search for entrepreneurialtraits. In E. Chell, J. Harworth, and S. Brearley (Eds.), The EntrepreneurialPersonality: Concepts, Cases and Categories, Routledge Small Business Series,pp. 29-53. London: Thomson Learning Baron, R. (2004). The cognitive perspective: A valuable tool for answering entrepreneurships basic why questions. Journal of Business Venturing 19, 221-240. K ¨ollinger, P., M. Minniti, and C. Schade (2007). I think I can, I think I can: Overconfidence and entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology 28 (4),502-527. Gifford, S. (2003). Risk and uncertainty. In Z. Acs D. Audretsch (Eds.), Handbook of entrepreneurship research:An interdisciplinary survey and introduction (pp. 37-52).Kluwer Academic Publishers. Rauch, A., Frese, M. (2000). Psychological approaches to entrepreneurial success: A general model and an overview of findings. In C. Cooper I. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 101-142). Wiley. Kauer, D., Waldeck, T.C. and Schaffer, U. (2007), Effects of top managerial team characteristics on strategic decision making, Management Decision, Vol. 45 No. 6, pp. 942-67. Miller, D.Dorge, C.and Toulouse, J.M. (1988), Strategeic process and content as mediators between organization, Acadamy of Managemt journal, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 544-569. McClelland, 1990. D.C. McClelland, Human motivation. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990) Gartner, W.B., Bird, B.J. and Starr, J.A. (1992), Acting as if: differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Spring, pp. 13-31. Kao, R.W.Y. (1989), Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development, Holt, Rinehart Winston of Canada, Toronto Jensen, S.M. and Luthans, F. (2006), Entrepreneurs as authentic leaders: impact on employees attitudes, Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol. 27 No. 8, pp. 646-66. Colbert, F. (2003), Entrepreneurship and leadership in marketing the arts, International Journal of Arts Management, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 30-9. Avolio, B.J. and Luthans, F. (2006), The High Impact Leader: Moments Matter in Accelerating Authentic Leadership Development, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. and Armeli, S. (2001), Affective commitment to the organization:the contribution of perceived organizational support, Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol. 86, pp. 825-6 Hinterhuber, H.H. and Krauthammer, E. (1998), The leadership wheel: the tasks entrepreneurs and senior executives cannot delegate, Strategic Change, Vol. 7, pp. 149-62 Wilson, F., Kickul, J. and Marlino, D. (2007), Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship education, Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 387-406 Minniti, M., Arenius, P. and Langowitz, N. (2004), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2004 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship, The Center for Womens Leadership at Babson College,Babson Park, MA Forbes, D.P. (2005), Are some entrepreneurs more overconfident than others?, Journalof Business Venturing, Vol. 20 No. 5, pp. 623-40. Gist, M.E. and Mitchell, T.R. (1992), Self-efficacy: a theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 183-211. Griffin, D.W. and Varey, C.A. (1996), Towards a consensus on overconfidence, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 65 No. 3, p. 227 Bazerman, M.H. (1998), Judgement in Managerial Decision-making, John Wiley Sons, NewYork, NY Boyd, N.G. and Vozikis, G.S. (1994), The influence of self-efficacy on the development ofentrepreneurial intentions and actions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 63-77